HSK 7–9 grammar · conjunction
（因）⋯⋯，故⋯⋯
（因）⋯⋯，故⋯⋯ — because …, therefore (formal)
Pattern
+ +
( ) can be left out · other words may come before, between and after
How it works
因…故… is the classical, compressed form of 因为…所以…. 故 means "therefore" and belongs to notices, legal and academic writing. The opening 因 is often dropped when the cause is obvious.
Examples
因设备维修，故暂停营业。
Yīn shèbèi wéixiū, gù zàntíng yíngyè.
Owing to equipment maintenance, we are temporarily closed.
证据不足，故不予受理。
Zhèngjù bùzú, gù bù yǔ shòulǐ.
The evidence is insufficient, and the case is therefore not accepted.
Related
See it in a story
In the app, （因）⋯⋯，故⋯⋯ is underlined wherever it appears in the stories you read, and practised with sentences from them. Free.